Development history of CNC tools
Tool is a tool used for cutting in mechanical manufacturing, also known as cutting tool. Broad cutting tools include both tools and abrasive tools. Most of the cutters are machine tools, but there are also hand tools. Because the tools used in mechanical manufacturing are basically used to cut metal materials, the word "tool" is generally understood as metal cutting tools. The tool used for cutting wood is called carpenter´s tool.
The development of cutting tools plays an important role in the history of human progress. As early as the 28th century BC to the 20th century BC, brass cones and pure copper cones, drills, knives and other copper tools have appeared in China. In the late Warring States period (the 3rd century BC), due to mastering the carburizing technology, steel knives were made. At that time, drills and saws had some similarities with modern flat drills and saws. However, the rapid development of cutting tools came in the late 18th century with the development of steam engines and other machines. In 1783, Rene in France first produced a milling cutter. In 1792, Mozley, England, produced taps and dies. The earliest literature record about the invention of Fried Dough Twists drill was in 1822, but it was not produced as a commodity until 1864.
At that time, the tool was made of high carbon tool steel, and the allowable cutting speed was about 5m/min. In 1868, British Mushet made alloy tool steel containing tungsten. In 1898, Taylor and White of the United States invented high-speed steel. In 1923, Germany´s Schlerter invented cemented carbide. When alloy tool steel is used, the cutting speed of the tool is increased to about 8 m/min; When high speed steel is used, the cutting speed is increased more than twice; When using cemented carbide, the cutting speed is more than twice as high as when using high-speed steel, and the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece machined are also greatly improved. In 1938, German Degussa Company obtained a patent on ceramic cutting tools. In 1969, the Swedish Sandvik Steel Plant obtained a patent for the production of titanium carbide coated carbide blades by chemical vapor deposition. In 1972, Bangsha and Lagulan of the United States developed the physical vapor deposition method to coat a hard layer of titanium carbide or titanium nitride on the surface of cemented carbide or high-speed steel tools. The surface coating method combines the high strength and toughness of the matrix material with the high hardness and wear resistance of the surface layer, so that the composite material has better cutting performance. In the same year, General Electric Company of the United States produced polycrystalline synthetic diamond and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride blades. These non-metallic tool materials can make the tool cut at a higher speed.